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hae

Eia nā mea e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana i ka ʻaʻahu kaʻa

Ua māhele ʻia ka pena o ke kaʻa i ʻehā mau papa i ke kaʻina hana pena kuʻuna, kahi e pāʻani pū ai i kahi hana pale a nani hoʻi no ke kino, ma aneʻi e hōʻike kikoʻī mākou i ka inoa a me ke kuleana o kēlā me kēia papa opena kaʻa

ʻAʻahu E (CED)
E kau i ke kino keʻokeʻo i mālama mua ʻia i loko o ka pena electrophoretic cationic, e hoʻopili i ka uila maikaʻi i ka paipu anode ma lalo o ka pahu electrophoretic a me ka pā paia, a me ka uila maikaʻi ʻole i ke kino, i hiki ai ke hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻokoʻa hiki ma waena o ka paipu anode a me ke kino, a e neʻe ka pena electrophoretic cationic i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia i ke kino keʻokeʻo ma lalo o ka hopena o ka ʻokoʻa hiki, a ma hope e hoʻopili ʻia ma ke kino e hana i kahi kiʻi pena mānoanoa, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka pena electrophoretic, a e lilo ka pena electrophoretic i papa electrophoretic ma hope o ka maloʻo ʻana i loko o ka umu bakena.

Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka papa electrophoresis e like me kahi papa pena i hoʻopili pololei ʻia i ka papa kila o ke kino, no laila ua hana ʻia hoʻi ia i ka primer. ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia kahi papa phosphate i hana ʻia i ka pretreatment ma waena o ka papa electrophoresis a me ka papa kila, a he lahilahi loa ka papa phosphate, he mau μm wale nō, ʻaʻole e kūkākūkā ʻia ma ʻaneʻi. ʻO ke kuleana o ka papa electrophoretic ʻelua mau mea nui, ʻo kekahi e pale i ka popo, a ʻo kekahi e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka papa pena. ʻO ka hiki ke pale i ka popo o ka papa electrophoresis ka mea nui loa a koʻikoʻi o nā papa pena ʻehā, inā ʻaʻole maikaʻi ke ʻano o ka uhi electrophoresis, a laila ua maʻalahi ka pena i ka hanana o ka blistering, a inā ʻoe e hou i ka pehu, e ʻike ʻoe i nā ʻōpala popo i loko, ʻo ia hoʻi ua luku ʻia ka papa electrophoresis e alakaʻi ana i ka popo o ka papa hao. I nā makahiki mua, ua hoʻomaka wale ka hōʻailona kūʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomau i ke kaʻina hana, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o kēia ʻōhū kino, a ʻike ʻia ka pena e hāʻule i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana, i kēia manawa me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hale hana hou, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana hou, nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻopau loa ʻia kēia hanana. Ua holomua nui nā hōʻailona kūʻokoʻa i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, a ke manaʻolana nei au e hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaikaʻi a maikaʻi aʻe a lawe i ka hae o ka ʻoihana kaʻa aupuni o Kina.

ʻUlu waena
ʻO ka midcoat kahi papa pena ma waena o ka papa electrophoresis a me ka papa pena kala, i pīpī ʻia e kahi robot me ka pena midcoat. I kēia manawa aia kahi hana ʻaʻohe midcoat, kahi e hoʻopau ai i ka midcoat a hoʻohui iā ia me ka papa kala. - ʻO ka pane mai Dai Shaohe, ʻo ka "Soul Red" ma aneʻi e hoʻohana nei i kēia kaʻina hana, mai aneʻi hiki iā mākou ke ʻike ʻaʻole he ʻano papa pena koʻikoʻi ka uhi waena, he maʻalahi kāna hana, he anti-UV, pale i ka papa electrophoresis, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka popo, a noʻonoʻo i ka laumania a me ke kūpaʻa hopena o ka ʻili pena, a ma hope hiki ke hāʻawi i kekahi pipili no ka papa pena kala. ʻO ka hope, hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i kekahi pipili no ka papa kala. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo ka uhi waena he papa luna a me lalo, kahi e hoʻopili ai i nā uhi hana ʻelua o ka papa electrophoresis a me ka papa kala.

ʻAʻahu luna
ʻO ka papa pena kala, e like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, ʻo ia ka papa pena me ke kala e hāʻawi iā mākou i ka manaʻo pololei loa o ke kala, a i ʻole ʻulaʻula a ʻeleʻele paha, a i ʻole Kingfisher blue, a i ʻole Pittsburgh hina, a i ʻole Cashmere silver, a i ʻole Supersonic Quartz white. ʻO kēia mau kala ʻē a maʻamau paha, a i ʻole ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke kapa ʻia ke kala e ka papa pena kala. ʻO ke ʻano o ka papa pena i pīpī ʻia e hoʻoholo pololei i ka ikaika o ka hōʻike ʻana o ke kala o ke kino, a he mea nui loa ka hana.

Pena kalahiki ke puʻunaue ʻia i ʻekolu ʻano e like me nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole: pena maʻemaʻe, pena metala a me ka pena pearlescent.

A. Pena maʻemaʻehe kala maʻemaʻe, he ʻulaʻula wale nō ka ʻulaʻula, he keʻokeʻo wale nō ke keʻokeʻo, maʻemaʻe loa, ʻaʻohe hui kala ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe manaʻo ʻālohilohi metala, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka pena maʻemaʻe. Ua like ia me ke kiaʻi ma mua o ka Hale Aliʻi ʻo Buckingham, inā e uē ʻo ia, ʻakaʻaka a ninini paha, ʻaʻole ʻo ia e hoʻolohe iā ʻoe, e kū pololei ana, e nānā pono ana i mua, me ke alo koʻikoʻi mau. Aia paha kekahi poʻe e manaʻo nei he mea hoihoi ʻole ka pena maʻemaʻe a ʻaʻole ʻike pehea e hoʻohana ai i ka hoʻololi e ʻoluʻolu ai i nā malihini, akā aia kekahi poʻe makemake i kēia kala maʻemaʻe, maʻemaʻe a hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia me ka ʻole o ka fanfare.

(Keʻokeʻo Hau)

(ʻeleʻele)

Ma waena o nā pena maʻemaʻe, keʻokeʻo, ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻeleʻele ka hapa nui o lākou, a ʻo ka hapa nui o ka ʻeleʻele he pena maʻemaʻe. Maanei hiki iā mākou ke haʻi iā ʻoe i kahi mea huna liʻiliʻi, ʻo nā keʻokeʻo a pau i kapa ʻia he keʻokeʻo polar, keʻokeʻo mauna hau, keʻokeʻo glacier he pena maʻemaʻe wale nō, ʻoiai ʻo ke keʻokeʻo i kapa ʻia he keʻokeʻo momi, keʻokeʻo momi he pena momi wale nō.

B. Pena metalaHana ʻia ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻāpana metala (pauka alumini) i ka pena maʻemaʻe. I nā lā mua, ʻo ka pena maʻemaʻe wale nō ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia i ka pena kaʻa, akā ma hope mai ua ʻike kekahi kanaka akamai i ka wā i hoʻohui ʻia ai ka pauka alumini i wili ʻia i kahi nui maikaʻi loa i ka pena maʻemaʻe, ua ʻike ʻia e hōʻike ana ka papa pena i kahi ʻano metala. Ma lalo o ke kukui, ua hōʻike ʻia ke kukui e ka pauka alumini a puka mai ma o ka ʻili pena, me he mea lā e ʻālohilohi ana ka papa pena holoʻokoʻa me ka luster metala, e ʻālohilohi loa ke kala o ka pena i kēia manawa, e hāʻawi ana i ka poʻe i kahi leʻaleʻa māmā a me ka manaʻo o ka lele ʻana, e like me kahi hui o nā keikikāne e holo ana i nā mokokaikala ma ke alanui e leʻaleʻa. Eia kekahi mau kiʻi nani hou aʻe.

C. Laki momiHiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia e like me ke pani ʻana i ka pauka alumini i loko o ka pena metala me ka mika a i ʻole ka pauka momi (he kakaikahi nā mea hana e hoʻohana ana), a lilo ka pena metala i pena momi. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka pena momi he keʻokeʻo nui, i kapa pinepine ʻia hoʻi he keʻokeʻo momi, keʻokeʻo momi, i ka mālamalama, ʻaʻole wale ke keʻokeʻo, akā he kala momi. ʻO ka mika ponoʻī kēia he kristal moakaka i ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana, i ka wā e pana ʻia ai ke kukui i loko o ka papa lacquer, e hana ʻia ka refraction paʻakikī a me ka hoʻopilikia ʻana e nā ʻāpana mica, a hele mai ka mika ponoʻī me kekahi mau ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻeleʻele, melemele a me ka poni, kahi e hoʻohui ai ka lacquer momi i ka ʻālohilohi momona e like me ka momi ma ke kumu o ke kala nui. E loaʻa i ka ʻili lacquer like nā loli liʻiliʻi ke nānā ʻia mai nā kihi like ʻole, a ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka waiwai a me ka mana hāʻawi o ke kala, e hāʻawi ana i nā kānaka i kahi manaʻo hanohano a hanohano.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa loa ka hopena o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻāpana mica a me ka pauka momi, ʻoiai pono wau e hoʻokokoke e hoʻokaʻawale, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kumukūʻai o nā ʻāpana mica ma mua o ka pauka momi, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka pena pearlescent ma ke koho ʻana o nā ʻāpana mica, akā inā hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pauka alumini, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai o ka mica, ʻo ia kekahi o nā kumu e hoʻonui ai ka hapa nui o ka pearlescent keʻokeʻo a i ʻole ka momi keʻokeʻo.

ʻAʻahu moakāka
ʻO ka ʻaʻahu moakāka ka papa waho loa o ka pena kaʻa, kahi papa moakāka e hiki ai iā kākou ke hoʻopā pololei me ko kākou mau manamana lima. Ua like kona kuleana me ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni kelepona paʻalima, koe wale nō ka pale ʻana i ka pena kala, ke ālai nei i nā pōhaku mai waho o ke ao, ke kū nei i ke kahakaha ʻana o nā lālā lāʻau, ke kū nei i nā ʻōpala manu mai ka lewa mai, ʻaʻole e hele ka ua nui i kona laina pale, ʻaʻole e komo nā kukuna UV ikaika i loko o kona umauma, ʻo ke kino 40μm, lahilahi akā ikaika, ke kū nei i nā pōʻino a pau mai waho o ke ao, i hiki ai i ka papa pena kala ke lilo i papa nani o nā makahiki.

ʻO ke kuleana nui o ka varnish ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻōlinolino o ka pena, hoʻonui i ke ʻano, pale iā UV, a me ka pale ʻana i nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi.

Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-24-2022